Before submission
Submit original work that is not under consideration by another journal. All listed authors should have made a meaningful contribution and approved the submitted version.
Manuscript preparation
Use a clear and descriptive title, an informative abstract, relevant keywords, logically organised headings, and consistent references. Include tables and figures with descriptive titles and identify the source of any third-party material. Remove identifying details from the manuscript file where anonymous review is required.
Required declarations
Authors should disclose funding, conflicts of interest, ethical approval where applicable, data availability and any use of third-party material. Any use of generative AI in preparing the manuscript should be disclosed in accordance with the journal’s applicable policy.
Submission files
Submit the manuscript as a Word document or PDF. Supporting tables, figures and supplementary files may be uploaded separately where required. The editorial office may request editable source files during production.
Editorial assessment
Submissions are checked for relevance, completeness, originality and compliance with the journal’s policies before being considered for peer review. Submission does not guarantee acceptance or publication.